153 Note 1 Significant accounting policies (continued) Debt instruments Initial recognition and measurement: A financial asset is recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial asset is recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial asset not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial asset carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss. Subsequent measurement: Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the business model of the Group for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Group classifies its debt instruments: Measured at amortised cost: Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method less impairment, if any, the amortisation of EIR and loss arising from impairment, if any is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss. Equity instruments The Group subsequently measures all investments in equity instruments at fair value. The Management of the Group has elected to present fair value gains and losses on its investment equity instruments in other comprehensive income. There is no subsequent reclassification of these fair value gains and losses to the Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss. Dividends from such investments continue to be recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss as other income when the right to receive payment is established. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVTOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value. Impairment of financial assets The Group assesses, on a forward-looking basis, the expected credit losses associated with its financial assets carried at amortised cost and FVOTCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. For trade and lease receivables only, the Group applies the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 Financial Instruments, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of such receivables. The Group computes expected lifetime losses based on a provision matrix which takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information. Derecognition A financial asset is derecognised only when the Group has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset, the asset expires or the Group retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
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